Akinrotimi, A. et al. 2026. E-Tutoring versus Direct Instruction: Effects on Primary School Pupils’ English Performance in Ondo State, Nigeria. IREELL: Indonesian Review of English Education, Linguistics, and Literature . 4, 2 (Oct. 2026), 261–286. DOI:https://doi.org/10.30762/ireell.v4i2.8487.