The Relational Triangle of Objectives, Process and Evaluation in AI Assisted Arabic Writing Pedagogy

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30762/asalibuna.v8i02.6722

Keywords:

arabic writing pedagogy, Artificial Intelligence, relational triangle, objectives process evaluation, AI-assisted learning

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to conceptualize and examine the effectiveness of the Relational Triangle of Objectives, Process, and Evaluation in AI-assisted Arabic writing pedagogy. While previous research on generative AI and digital platforms has shown potential for supporting Arabic learners, studies often treated objectives, learning processes, and evaluation as separate domains. This study sought to address this gap by introducing and empirically validating a triangulated framework that integrates the three components into a single pedagogical cycle. Employing a Research and Development (R&D) design based on Borg and Gall’s model, the study combined quantitative and qualitative approaches. Expert validation confirmed the feasibility of the relational triangle, followed by a preliminary trial with 32 students and a field test with 64 students enrolled in an Islamic Religious Education program. Instruments included expert validation sheets, pre- and post-tests, questionnaires, and reflection sheets, all validated through factor analysis and tested for reliability. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, inferential measures, and thematic analysis of student reflections. The findings revealed consistent improvements in students’ Arabic writing competence, with notable gains in grammar, morphology, iʿrāb, vocabulary, and especially in coherence and cohesion. Expert evaluations rated the model as highly feasible, while student responses confirmed its clarity, fairness, and effectiveness. The study demonstrated that improvement was not merely the result of AI use, but of the systematic triangulation of objectives, structured processes, and evaluation feedback. The novelty of this research lies in articulating the Relational Triangle of Objectives, Process, and Evaluation as a dynamic pedagogical framework. By embedding AI tools within a structured instructional design, the model bridges the gap between technological affordances and pedagogical integrity. Its theoretical contribution lies in extending constructivist principles into the digital era, while its practical implication is offering educators a replicable approach for integrating AI responsibly into Arabic writing instruction.

 

Abstrak:
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkonseptualisasikan dan menguji efektivitas Segitiga Relasi Tujuan, Proses, dan Evaluasi dalam pedagogi penulisan bahasa Arab berbantuan kecerdasan buatan (AI). Penelitian sebelumnya mengenai AI generatif dan platform digital menunjukkan potensi dalam mendukung pembelajar bahasa Arab, namun umumnya memperlakukan tujuan, proses pembelajaran, dan evaluasi sebagai domain yang terpisah. Penelitian ini berupaya mengisi kesenjangan tersebut dengan memperkenalkan serta memvalidasi secara empiris sebuah kerangka triangulatif yang mengintegrasikan ketiga komponen ke dalam satu siklus pedagogis. Dengan menggunakan desain Research and Development (R&D) berbasis model Borg dan Gall, penelitian ini memadukan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Validasi ahli mengonfirmasi kelayakan segitiga relasi, diikuti dengan uji coba awal kepada 32 mahasiswa dan uji coba lapangan kepada 64 mahasiswa program Pendidikan Agama Islam. Instrumen yang digunakan meliputi lembar validasi ahli, tes awal dan akhir, kuesioner, serta lembar refleksi, yang divalidasi melalui analisis faktor dan diuji reliabilitasnya. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif, ukuran inferensial, dan analisis tematik dari refleksi mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan yang konsisten dalam kompetensi menulis bahasa Arab mahasiswa, dengan peningkatan signifikan pada aspek tata bahasa, morfologi, iʿrāb, kosakata, dan terutama koherensi serta kohesi. Evaluasi para ahli menempatkan model ini pada kategori sangat layak, sedangkan tanggapan mahasiswa menegaskan kejelasan, keadilan, dan efektivitasnya. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa peningkatan tersebut bukan hanya hasil penggunaan AI, melainkan buah dari triangulasi sistematis antara tujuan, proses terstruktur, dan umpan balik evaluasi. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada artikulasi Segitiga Relasi Tujuan, Proses, dan Evaluasi sebagai kerangka pedagogis dinamis. Dengan menempatkan alat AI dalam desain instruksional yang terstruktur, model ini menjembatani kesenjangan antara potensi teknologi dan integritas pedagogis. Kontribusi teoretisnya adalah memperluas prinsip konstruktivisme ke era digital, sementara implikasi praktisnya adalah menawarkan pendekatan yang dapat direplikasi bagi pendidik dalam mengintegrasikan AI secara bertanggung jawab ke dalam pembelajaran menulis bahasa Arab.

 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdel-maksoud, Amira. 2022. “The Impact of Translation Memory Segmentation on the Cohesion and Coherence of Technical Texts Translated from English into Arabic.” مجلة وادي النيل للدراسات والبحوث الإنسانية والاجتماعية والتربويه 36 (36): 177–92. https://doi.org/10.21608/jwadi.2022.268202.

Ahmed, Abdulmonem A. A., Aybaba Hançerlioğulları, and Ali Rıza Tosun. 2023. “Using roots and patterns to detect Arabic verbs without affixes removal.” IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security 23 (4): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.22937/IJCSNS.2023.23.4.1.

Ahmed, Mervad Abd Elfatah Ali Said. 2016. “The Effect of a Flipping Classroom on Writing Skill in English as a Foreign Language and Students’ Attitude towards Flipping.” US-China Foreign Language 14 (2): 98–114. https://doi.org/10.17265/1539-8080/2016.02.003.

Al-Busaidi, Fatma Y. 2015. “Arabic in Foreign Language Programmes: Difficulties and Challenges.” Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies [JEPS] 9 (4): 4. https://doi.org/10.53543/jeps.vol9iss4pp701-717.

Alharbi, Wael. 2023. “AI in the Foreign Language Classroom: A Pedagogical Overview of Automated Writing Assistance Tools.” Education Research International 2023 (1): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4253331.

Al-Thanyyan, Suha S., and Aqil M. Azmi. 2023. “Simplification of Arabic Text: A Hybrid Approach Integrating Machine Translation and Transformer-Based Lexical Model.” Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences 35 (8): 101662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksuci.2023.101662.

Arju, Salsabila, Muhammad Fadhil Husein, Badriyyah Sa’adah, and Annisa Mah Rejeki. 2025. “Analisis Keakuratan Hasil Terjemahan Chatgpt Menggunakan Teknik Back Translation.” El-Tsaqafah : Jurnal Jurusan PBA 24 (1): 1. https://doi.org/10.20414/tsaqafah.v24i1.10604.

Arrabtah, Adel, and Tayseer Nusour. 2012. “Using Technology For Teaching Arabic Language Grammar.” Journal of International Education Research (Littleton, United States) 8 (4): 335.

Asya, Said Salihin Nur, Saepudin, and Herdah. 2022. “Implementation of Active Knowledge Sharing Strategy in Improving Arabic Writing Skills of Class X Students at Al-Ikhlas Islamic Boarding School Al-Ikhlas Ad-Dary DDI Takkalasi.” Al-Iftah: Journal of Islamic Studies and Society 3 (1): 1. https://doi.org/10.35905/aliftah.v3i1.3539.

Haas, Mirjam de, Paul Vogt, and Emiel Krahmer. 2020. “The Effects of Feedback on Children’s Engagement and Learning Outcomes in Robot-Assisted Second Language Learning.” Frontiers in Robotics and AI 7 (August): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2020.00101.

Hyland, Ken. 2019. Second Language Writing. Cambridge University Press.

Jusriati, Jusriati. 2023. “Encouraging Students’ Motivation To Write With Google Site.” Afeksi 4 (3): 205–13. https://doi.org/10.35672/afeksi.v4i3.104.

Kong, Siu-Cheung, John Chi-Kin Lee, and Olson Tsang. 2024. “A Pedagogical Design for Self-Regulated Learning in Academic Writing Using Text-Based Generative Artificial Intelligence Tools: 6-P Pedagogy of Plan, Prompt, Preview, Produce, Peer-Review, Portfolio-Tracking.” Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning 19 (January): 030–030. https://doi.org/10.58459/rptel.2024.19030.

Masnun, Masnun. 2025. “Integrating Artificial Intelligence in Arabic Writing Proficiency: A Case Study in Islamic Boarding Schools.” Ancolt : International Conference on Language Teaching 1 (01): 254–64.

Midhwah, Ali Al, and Mohammad T. Alhawary. 2020. “Arabic Diacritics and Their Role in Facilitating Reading Speed, Accuracy, and Comprehension by English L2 Learners of Arabic.” The Modern Language Journal 104 (2): 418–38. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12642.

Nabilah, Alfufatin, Dewi Larassati M.p, Fairuz Lazuwardiyyah, Syaifuddin Syaifuddin, and Wiwik Muyassaroh Abdi. 2021. “Students’ Perception Toward the Use of Tiktok Video in Learning Writing Descriptive Text at MAN 1 Gresik.” Journal of Research on English and Language Learning (J-REaLL) 2 (1): 1. https://doi.org/10.33474/j-reall.v2i1.9017.

Nidak, Khoiru, Ahmad Zubaidi, and Uril Bahruddin. 2023. “Collaborative-Based Tashrif Lughowy in Qiroatul Kutub Learning Using the Reverso.” Jurnal Al Bayan: Jurnal Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Arab 15 (2): 2. https://doi.org/10.24042/albayan.v15i2.19440.

Orsmond, Gael I., and Ellen S. Cohn. 2015. “The Distinctive Features of a Feasibility Study: Objectives and Guiding Questions.” OTJR 35 (3): 169–77. https://doi.org/10.1177/1539449215578649.

Piskurich, George M. 2015. Rapid Instructional Design: Learning ID Fast and Right (3rd Ed.). Wiley.

Qader, Ramyar O., and Fadime Yalcin Arslan. 2019. “The Effect of Flipped Classroom Instruction in Writing: A Case Study with Iraqi EFL Learners.” Teaching English with Technology 19 (1): 36–55.

Qori’ah, Evi Eliya, M. Abdul, and Rahmadani. 2023. “Penggunaan Media Instagram @Arabiyahtalk Dalam Maharah Kitabah Mahasiswa Bahasa Arab.” Shaut al Arabiyyah 11 (1): 1. https://doi.org/10.24252/saa.v11i1.38636.

Rahmah, Ikhwanur, Asrowi Asrowi, and Ahmad Arif Musadad. 2024. “Web-Based Project-Based Learning to Enhance Arabic Language Skills of Madrasah Aliyah Students.” Arabiyat : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab Dan Kebahasaaraban 11 (1): 1. https://doi.org/10.15408/a.v11i1.40488.

Roa, Angela Andrea Perez, and Shanty Halim. 2024. “The Impact of AI-Powered Software on Second Language (L2) Writing: A Systematic Literature Review.” Research and Innovation in Applied Linguistics 2 (2): 2. https://doi.org/10.31963/rial.v2i2.4801.

Sa’diyah, Halimatus. 2021. “Peluang Pembelajaran Maharah Al-Kitabah Berbantu Media Whatsapp bagi Mahasiswa di Masa Daring.” Maharaat: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab 4 (1): 1. https://doi.org/10.18196/mht.v4i1.12255.

Songkram, Noawanit. 2015. “E-Learning System in Virtual Learning Environment to Develop Creative Thinking for Learners in Higher Education.” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, International Conference on New Horizons in Education, INTE 2014, 25-27 June 2014, Paris, France, vol. 174: 674–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.600.

Suryanto, Bradhiansyah Tri. 2018. “Written Grammar Feedback On Students’ Writing With Visual Learning Style.” Pedagogik: Jurnal Pendidikan 5 (1): 1. https://doi.org/10.33650/pjp.v5i1.215.

Wu, Yi. 2024. “Critical Thinking Pedagogics Design in an Era of ChatGPT and Other AI Tools — Shifting from Teaching ‘What’ to Teaching ‘Why’ and ‘How.’” Journal of Education and Development 8 (1): 1. https://doi.org/10.20849/jed.v8i1.1404.

Zubaidi, Ahmad. 2020. “Development Of Maharah Al-Istima’ Test Instrument For Electronic Based Arabic Student Using The Kahoot! Application.” Arabiyat : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab Dan Kebahasaaraban 7 (1): 1. https://doi.org/10.15408/a.v7i1.13002.

Zubaidi, Ahmad, Siti Afifah Adawiyah, Dailatus Syamsiyah, and Yuyun Zunairoh. 2022. “Contextual-Based Qiroatul Kutub Learning Using the Plickers.” Jurnal Al Bayan: Jurnal Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Arab 14 (1): 1. https://doi.org/10.24042/albayan.v14i1.11669.

Downloads

Published

2025-05-07

How to Cite

Zubaidi, A., Munip, A., & Widodo, S. A. (2025). The Relational Triangle of Objectives, Process and Evaluation in AI Assisted Arabic Writing Pedagogy. Asalibuna, 8(02), 140–155. https://doi.org/10.30762/asalibuna.v8i02.6722