Interpretation of I’rāb Rules in Naẓam Alfiyah Based on Jumlah Ismiyah and Jumlah Fi’liyah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30762/asalibuna.v9i01.5338Keywords:
Alfiyah Ibn Mālik, Iʿrāb, Jumlah Ismiyah, Jumlah FiʿliyahAbstract
Abstract:
This study aims to analyze interpretation of i’rāb in both ism and fi'il within the context of naẓam Alfiyah. Specifically, it explores how this uncertainty is influenced by the arrangement of jumlah ismiyah (nominal sentences) and jumlah fiʿliyah (verbal sentences) in naẓam Alfiyah. Adopting a qualitative descriptive approach grounded in classical Arabic grammar analysis, the methodology involves data collection, classification, and subsequent analysis. The theoretical framework for this analysis is based on the concept of الجملة الاسمية تفيد بأصل وضعها ثبوت شيء لشيء ليس غير، وأمّا الجملة الفعلية فموضوعة أصلا لإفادة الحدوث في زمن معيّن. The findings of this study demonstrate that naẓam Alfiyah employs the structure of jumlah fi'liyah when explaining the sign of i’rāb in ism. This indicates that the sign of i’rāb in ism is not permanent and may change. The reasons for these changes in the i’rāb sign include: 1) the adjustment based on the type of ism, 2) the presence of additional huruf at the end of the ism, and 3) under certain conditions, the i’rāb sign may change even if the ism remains of the same type. In contrast to ism, naẓam Alfiyah utilizes two distinct structures for explaining fi'il. Jumlah ismiyah is used when discussing fi'il māḍi and fi'il amar, while jumlah fi'liyah is employed to explain fi'il muḍāri’. The reasons for naẓam Alfiyah applying the structure of jumlah fi'liyah to fi'il muḍāri’ are as follows: 1) in addition to possessing the mu'rab rule, fi'il muḍāri’ also follows the mabnī rule; 2) the sign of i’rāb is not determined by the type of fi'il, but rather by the additional huruf that follow fi'il muḍāri’; 3) The sign of i’rāb on fi'il muḍāri’ is influenced by the āmil that precedes it; 4) a fi'il muḍāri’ that is governed by the mabnī rule can revert to mu'rab when separated by alif taṡniyah, wāw jama', or ya' mukhāṭabah from nũn taukīd.
Abstrak:
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis interpretasi hukum i’rāb ism dan fi’il dalam naẓam Alfiyah. Secara khusus, penelitian ini menyelidiki bagaimana ketidakpastian i’rāb ism dan fi’il terkait dengan susunan jumlah ismiyah (kalimat nominal) dan jumlah fiʿliyah (kalimat verbal) dalam naẓam Alfiyah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif yang berakar pada analisis tata bahasa Arab klasik. Langkah metodologis meliputi pengumpulan data, klasifikasi, dan analisis data. Teori yang digunakan sebagai pisau analisis adalah الجملة الاسمية تفيد بأصل وضعها ثبوت شيء لشيء ليس غير، وأمّا الجملة الفعلية فموضوعة أصلا لإفادة الحدوث في زمن معيّن. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa naẓam Alfiyah menggunakan susunan jumlah fiʿliyah saat menjelaskan tanda i’rāb pada ism. Artinya, tanda i’rāb pada ism tidak bersifat tetap dan dapat berubah. Alasan tanda i’rāb pada ism dapat berubah, antara lain: 1) menyesuaikan jenis ism, 2) terdapat huruf tambahan di akhir ism, dan 3) pada kondisi tertentu, tanda i’rāb dapat berubah meski dari jenis ism yang sama. Berbeda dengan ism, naẓam Alfiyah menggunakan dua jumlah ketika menjelaskan fi’il. Jumlah ismiyah digunakan saat menjelaskan fi’il māḍi dan fi’il amar, sementara jumlah fi’liyah digunakan untuk menerangkan fi’il muḍāri’. Alasan naẓam Alfiyah menerapkan susunan jumlah fiʿliyah pada fi’il muḍāri’ adalah: 1) selain memiliki hukum mu’rab, fi’il muḍāri’ juga memiliki hukum mabnī, 2) tanda i’rāb tidak berhubungan dengan jenis fi’il, melainkan berkaitan dengan huruf tambahan yang terletak setelah fi’il muḍāri’, 3) tanda i’rāb pada fi’il muḍāri’ juga dipengaruhi oleh āmil yang terletak sebelumnya, dan 4) fi’il muḍāri’ yang berhukum mabnī dapat kembali menjadi mu’rab ketika terdapat alif taṡniyah, wāw jama’, dan ya’ mukhāṭabah yang memisahkan antara fi’il muḍāri’ dan nũn taukīd.
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