Pendekatan Muhasabah: Solusi Atasi Degradasi Moral Siswa Madrasah melalui Penilaian Sikap Sosial

Abstract

Abstract: Moral degradation among madrasah students is a serious concern in the current era. Researchers are interested in studying the implementation of the muhasabah approach in overcoming the moral degradation of madrasah students. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with multisites and uses observation, interview and documentation data collection techniques. Data sources include teachers and students at three madrasas, namely MA Tarbiyatut Tholabah Lamongan, MA Matholi'ul Anwar Lamongan, and MA Salafiyah Lamongan. The data analysis process uses case analysis of field data, including checking, organizing, and coding as well as cross-case analysis. The research results show that consistent application of the muhasabah approach can increase students' self-awareness of moral values, improve social behavior, and reduce actions that conflict with religious and social norms. There are four principles used by the three madrasas, namely contextual, communicative, open and fair principles. This is supported by an attitude assessment, including discipline, responsibility, honesty, self-confidence and enthusiasm. The implication of this research is the importance of integrating the muhasabah approach in the educational curriculum in madrasas to shape better student character through assessing social attitudes.

Abstrak: Degradasi moral di kalangan siswa madrasah menjadi perhatian serius di era sekarang. Peneliti tertarik untuk mengkaji implementasi pendekatan muhasabah dalam mengatasi degradasi moral siswa madrasah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan multisitus dan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Sumber data meliputi guru dan siswa di tiga madrasah, yakni MA Tarbiyatut Tholabah Lamongan, MA Matholi’ul Anwar Lamongan, dan MA Salafiyah Lamongan. Proses analisis data menggunakan analisis kasus data lapangan, meliputi checking, organizing, dan coding serta analisis lintas kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan pendekatan muhasabah secara konsisten dapat meningkatkan kesadaran diri siswa terhadap nilai-nilai moral, memperbaiki perilaku sosial, dan mengurangi tindakan yang bertentangan dengan norma agama dan sosial. Ada empat prinsip yang digunakan oleh ketiga madrasah tersebut, yakni prinsip kontekstual, komunikatif, terbuka dan adil. Hal ini didukung dengan penilaian sikap, meliputi disiplin, tanggungjawab, jujur, percaya diri serta semangat. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah pentingnya mengintegrasikan pendekatan muhasabah dalam kurikulum pendidikan di madrasah untuk membentuk karakter siswa yang lebih baik melalui penilaian sikap.