EFL Students' Learning Motivation and Descriptive Essay in the Context of Blended Learning Design

Authors

  • Tri Wintolo Apoko English Language Department, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Su Li Chong Management and Humanities Department, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Perak, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30762/jeels.v11i1.2656

Keywords:

learning motivation, descriptive essay, writing, blended learning

Abstract

EFL students should consider writing motivation in a blended learning (BL) framework. Previous studies have discussed findings related to whether motivations can make students write essays better. Few studies have examined descriptive essay learning motivation in BL design. This study examined EFL students' learning motivation on descriptive essays in BL designs and their perceptions on essay writing motivation. The respondents were 32 EFL students in one reputable private university in Jakarta, Indonesia. This study was a correlational survey. The data was collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire and a descriptive essay writing test with a scoring rubric developed by Oshima & Hogue (2006). The result showed that there was a positive and significant contribution of learning motivation on descriptive essay in a BL design. It also showed that learning motivation contributed 12.9% to the students’ descriptive essay writing skill. In addition, most students felt happy to practice writing in a BL design. Thus, it is inferred that EFL students could perform their essay writing quality in a BL design when they had strong learning motivation which included the intrinsic and extrinsic domains.

References

Albugami, S., & Ahmed, V. (2015). Success factors for ICT implementation in Saudi secondary schools: From the perspective of ICT directors, head teachers, teachers and students. International Journal of Education and Development Using ICT, 11(1).

Apoko, T. W. (2023). EFL preservice teachers’ intrinsic motivation in writing essays in a blended learning environment. VELES (Voices of English Language Education Society), 7(1), 126–134. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29408/veles.v7i1.7838

Ayana, T. G. (2020). An investigation of EFL students’ essay writing: Problems and suggestions: Ambo university first-year students in focus. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 10(1), 37–42. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7176/rhss/10-1-03

Bai, B., & Wang, J. (2021). Hong Kong secondary students’ self-regulated learning strategy use and English writing: Influences of motivational beliefs. System, 96, 102404. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2020.102404

Bulqiyah, S., Mahbub, M., & Nugraheni, D. A. (2021). Investigating writing difficulties in essay writing: Tertiary students’ perspectives. English Language Teaching Educational Journal, 4(1), 61–73. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.12928/eltej.v4i1.2371

Cahyono, B. Y., & Rahayu, T. (2020). EFL students’ motivation in writing, writing proficiency, and gender. Teflin Journal, 31(2), 162–180. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15639/teflinjournal.v31i2/162-180

Chaeruman, U. A., Wibawa, B., & Syahrial, Z. (2018). Determining the appropriate blend of blended learning: A formative research in the context of Spada-Indonesia. In American Journal of Educational Research (Vol. 6, Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.12691/education-6-3-5

Chin, P., Koizumi, Y., Reid, S., Wray, S., & Yamazaki, Y. (2012). Academic writing skills: Student’s book 1 (1st Ed.). Cambridge University Press.

Creswell, J. W. J. D. C. (2018). Research Design qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th Ed). SAGE Publications.

Dewantara, I. P. M., & Dibia, I. K. (2021). The principles of blended learning design with heutagogy approach thourgh e-ganesha moodle in Indonesian language learning. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1810(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1810/1/012048

Durga, V. S. S., & Rao, C. S. (2018). Developing students’ writing skills in English - a process approach. Journal for Research Scholars and Professionals of English Language Teaching, 2(6). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325489625

Dziuban, C., Graham, C. R., Moskal, P. D., Norberg, A., & Sicilia, N. (2018). Blended learning: the new normal and emerging technologies. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 15(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-017-0087-5

Ellis, R. R. (2012). Language Teaching Research and Language Pedagogy (1st ed.). Wiley-Blackwell.

Fareed, M., Ashraf, A., & Bilal, M. (2016). ESL learners’ writing skills: Problems, factors and suggestions. Journal of Education and Social Sciences, 4(2), 81–92. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20547/jess0421604201

Gil-Flores, J., Rodríguez-Santero, J., & Torres-Gordillo, J.-J. (2017). Factors that explain the use of ICT in secondary-education classrooms: The role of teacher characteristics and school infrastructure. Computers in Human Behavior, 68, 441–449. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.057

Güzer, B., & Caner, H. (2014). The past, present and future of blended learning: an in depth analysis of literature. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 4596–4603. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.992

Harmer, J. (2015). The Practice of English Language Teaching (5th ed.). Pearson Education.

Hasan, A. A. A. (2022). Effect of rubric-based feedback on the writing skills of high school graders. Journal of Innovation in Educational and Cultural Research, 3(1), 49–58. https://doi.org/10.46843/jiecr.v3i1.45

Hashemi, A., & Si Na, K. (2020). The effects of using blended learning in teaching and learning English: A review of literature. Online Submission, 18, 173–179.

Hassan, I., Sultan, U., Abidin, Z., Madarina, A., Rahman, A., Sultan, U., Abidin, Z., Nazri, M., Azmi, L., Sultan, U., Abidin, Z., & Rahman, A. (2021). Development of English writing skills through blended learning among ESL learners in Malaysia. Arab World English Journal, 7, 377–389. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/rhbnt

Hosseinpur, R. M., & Kazemi, Z. (2022). Composing strategies employed by high-and low-performing Iranian EFL students in essay writing classes. Assessing Writing, 51, 100601. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asw.2021.100601

Jo, C. W. (2022). Mapping adolescent literacy across L1 backgrounds: Linguistic and discourse features as predictors of persuasive essay quality. System, 104, 102698. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2021.102698

Karlen, Y., Suter, F., Hirt, C., & Merki, K. M. (2019). The role of implicit theories in students’ grit, achievement goals, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and achievement in the context of a long-term challenging task. Learning and Individual Differences, 74, 101757. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2019.101757

Komlósi, F. (2017). Motivation of Russian students towards the learning of English. Journal of Language and Education, 3(1), 23–33. https://doi.org/10.17323/2411-7390-2017-3-1-23-33

Lam, Y. W., Hew, K. F., & Chiu, K. F. (2018). Improving argumentative writing: Effects of a blended learning approach and gamification. Language Learning & Technology, 22(1), 97–118. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/44583

Langan, J. (2010). College writing skills (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.

Latifi, S., Noroozi, O., Hatami, J., & Biemans, H. J. A. (2021). How does online peer feedback improve argumentative essay writing and learning? Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 58(2), 195–206. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2019.1687005

Legault, L. (2020). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 2416–2419.

Li, Jia, & Mak, L. (2022). The effects of using an online collaboration tool on college students’ learning of academic writing skills. System, 105, 102712. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2021.102712

Li, Junfei, & Huang, J. (2022). The impact of essay organization and overall quality on the holistic scoring of EFL writing: Perspectives from classroom english teachers and national writing raters. Assessing Writing, 51, 100604. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asw.2021.100604

Ling, G., Elliot, N., Burstein, J. C., McCaffrey, D. F., MacArthur, C. A., & Holtzman, S. (2021). Writing motivation: A validation study of self-judgment and performance. Assessing Writing, 48, 100509. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asw.2020.100509

Locke, E. A., & Schattke, K. (2019). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: Time for expansion and clarification. Motivation Science, 5(4), 277–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/mot0000116

Lozano-Lozano, M., Fernández-Lao, C., Cantarero-Villanueva, I., Noguerol, I., Álvarez-Salvago, F., Cruz-Fernández, M., Arroyo-Morales, M., & Galiano-Castillo, N. (2020). A blended learning system to improve motivation, mood state, and satisfaction in undergraduate students: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(5), e17101. https://doi.org/10.2196/17101

Luna, M., Villalón, R., Mateos, M., & Martín, E. (2020). Improving university argumentative writing through online training. Journal of Writing Research. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17239/jowr-2020.12.01.08

Mali, D., & Lim, H. (2021). How do students perceive face-to-face/blended learning as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic? International Journal of Management Education, 19(3), 100552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100552

Marsh, C. (2010). Becoming a teacher: knowledge, skills and issues (5th ed.). Pearson.

Marue, M. G., & Pantas, M. (2019). Challenges in descriptive essay writing: A case of indonesian EFL leaners. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 8(12), 88–103. https://www.ijicc.net/index.php/volume-8-2019/141-vol-8-iss-12

Melekhina, E. A., & Levitan, K. M. (2015). Assessment system in writing essays by graduate students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 200, 482–489. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.08.099

Müller, C., & Mildenberger, T. (2021). Facilitating flexible learning by replacing classroom time with an online learning environment: A systematic review of blended learning in higher education. Educational Research Review, 34(June), 100394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2021.100394

Ong, A. K. S., Prasetyo, Y. T., Chuenyindee, T., Young, M. N., Doma, B. T., Caballes, D. G., Centeno, R. S., Morfe, A. S., & Bautista, C. S. (2022). Preference analysis on the online learning attributes among senior high school students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A conjoint analysis approach. Evaluation and Program Planning, 92, 102100. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2022.102100

Oshima, A., & Hogue, A. (2006). Writing academic English (4th ed.). Pearson Education.

Oshima, A., & Hogue, A. (2007). Introduction to academic writing (3rd ed.). Pearson Education.

Oxford, R. L., & Bolaños-Sánchez, D. (2016). A tale of two learners: discovering mentoring, motivation, emotions, engagement, and perseverance. In C. Gkonou, D. Tatzl, & S. Mercer (Eds.), New Directions in Language Learning Psychology (pp. 113–134). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23491-5_8

Phillips, B. S. (1976). Social research (3rd ed.). Macmillan.

Rofiqoh, R., Basthomi, Y., Widiati, U., Puspitasari, Y., Marhaban, S., & Sulistyo, T. (2022). Aspects of writing knowledge and EFL students’ writing quality. Studies in English Language and Education, 9(1), 14–29. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v9i1.20433

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2020). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation from a self-determination theory perspective: Definitions, theory, practices, and future directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 61, 101860. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101860

Solikhah, I. (2017). Linguistic problems in English essay by EFL students. IJOTL-TL: Indonesian Journal of Language Teaching and Linguistics, 2(1), 31–44. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30957/ijoltl.v2i1.231

Teng, L. S., Yuan, R. E., & Sun, P. P. (2020). A mixed-methods approach to investigating motivational regulation strategies and writing proficiency in English as a foreign language contexts. System, 88, 102182. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2019.102182

Toba, R., & Noor, W. N. (2019). The current issues of Indonesian EFL students’ writing skills: Ability, problem, and reason in writing comparison and contrast essay. Dinamika Ilmu, 57–73. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21093/di.v19i1.1506

Valero Haro, A., Noroozi, O., Biemans, H. J. A., & Mulder, M. (2019). The effects of an online learning environment with worked examples and peer feedback on students’ argumentative essay writing and domain-specific knowledge acquisition in the field of biotechnology. Journal of Biological Education, 53(4), 390–398. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00219266.2018.1472132

Wang, H. (2021). Exploring the relationships of achievement motivation and state anxiety to creative writing performance in English as a foreign language. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 42, 100948. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2021.100948

Wijekumar, K., Graham, S., Harris, K. R., Lei, P.-W., Barkel, A., Aitken, A., Ray, A., & Houston, J. (2019). The roles of writing knowledge, motivation, strategic behaviors, and skills in predicting elementary students’ persuasive writing from source material. Reading and Writing, 32(6), 1431–1457. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-018-9836-7

Wu, W.-C. V., Yang, J. C., Scott Chen Hsieh, J., & Yamamoto, T. (2020). Free from demotivation in EFL writing: The use of online flipped writing instruction. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 33(4), 353–387. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2019.1567556

Yu, S., Jiang, L., & Zhou, N. (2020). Investigating what feedback practices contribute to students’ writing motivation and engagement in Chinese EFL context: A large scale study. Assessing Writing, 44, 100451. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asw.2020.100451

Yu, S., Zhou, N., Zheng, Y., Zhang, L., Cao, H., & Li, X. (2019). Evaluating student motivation and engagement in the Chinese EFL writing context. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 62, 129–141. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2019.06.002

Yusuf, Q., Jusoh, Z., & Yusuf, Y. Q. (2019). Cooperative learning strategies to enhance writing skills among second language learners. International Journal of Instruction, 12(1), 1399–1412. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2019.12189a

Wang, H. (2021). Exploring the relationships of achievement motivation and state anxiety to creative writing performance in English as a foreign language. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 42, 100948. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2021.100948

Wijekumar, K., Graham, S., Harris, K. R., Lei, P.-W., Barkel, A., Aitken, A., Ray, A., & Houston, J. (2019). The roles of writing knowledge, motivation, strategic behaviors, and skills in predicting elementary students’ persuasive writing from source material. Reading and Writing, 32(6), 1431–1457. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-018-9836-7

Wu, W.-C. V., Yang, J. C., Scott Chen Hsieh, J., & Yamamoto, T. (2020). Free from demotivation in EFL writing: The use of online flipped writing instruction. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 33(4), 353–387. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2019.1567556

Yu, S., Jiang, L., & Zhou, N. (2020). Investigating what feedback practices contribute to students’ writing motivation and engagement in Chinese EFL context: A large scale study. Assessing Writing, 44, 100451. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asw.2020.100451

Yu, S., Zhou, N., Zheng, Y., Zhang, L., Cao, H., & Li, X. (2019). Evaluating student motivation and engagement in the Chinese EFL writing context. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 62, 129–141. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2019.06.002

Yusuf, Q., Jusoh, Z., & Yusuf, Y. Q. (2019). Cooperative learning strategies to enhance writing skills among second language learners. International Journal of Instruction, 12(1), 1399–1412. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2019.12189a

Zhai, M. (2021). Collaborative writing in a Chinese as a foreign language classroom: Learners’ perceptions and and motivations. Journal of Second Language Writing, 53, 100836. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2021.100836

Downloads

Published

2024-04-20

How to Cite

Apoko, T. W., & Chong, S. L. . (2024). EFL Students’ Learning Motivation and Descriptive Essay in the Context of Blended Learning Design. JEELS (Journal of English Education and Linguistics Studies), 11(1), 425–451. https://doi.org/10.30762/jeels.v11i1.2656