Investigating Students’ Language Learning Strategies During Online Learning: How They Deal with Speaking Ability
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30762/jeels.v8i2.3262Keywords:
language learning strategies, online learning, speaking ability, strategy inventory for language learning (SILL)Abstract
The pandemic situation shifted the learning process from offline to online. It challenges the students in English learning, especially in learning their speaking ability. However, the students manipulated the strategies by utilizing online platforms or mobile phone applications accordingly to their learning experience. This study investigates students' language learning strategies and how the strategy is applied in learning speaking ability. The case study was carried out in a senior high school. The respondents 64 were chosen purposively to be involved in this study. The instruments of data collection were conducted by questionnaire and interview under Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL). The results showed that 63 (95%) of students used metacognitive strategies in the form of centering learning process, arranging, and planning learning strategies. Moreover, 61 or 91% of students applied practicing, receiving, and sending messages of group cognitive strategies to motivate them to practice their speaking ability during online learning. Furthermore, less than 80% applied social, memory, affective, and compensation. It recommended that the teacher be a facilitator by providing a good stimulus for the students to motivate themselves to be self-regulated.
Downloads
References
Adedoyin, O. B., & Soykan, E. (2020). Covid-19 pandemic and online learning: The challenges and opportunities. In Interactive Learning Environments (pp. 1–25). https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2020.1813180
Akbari, E., Pilot, A., & Simons, P. R.-J. (2015). Autonomy, competence, and relatedness in foreign language learning through Facebook. Journal of Computers in Human Behavior, 48(5), 126–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.01.036
Alfian. (2021). The favored language learning strategies of Islamic University EFL learners. Journal of English Language and Education, 8(1), 47–64. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v8i1.17844
Alias, A. A., Manan, N. A. A., Yusof, J., & Pandian, A. (2012). The use of facebook as language learning strategy (LLS) training tool on college students’ and academic in speaking performance. Journal of Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 67(12), 13–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.11.305
Anwas, E., Sugiarti, Y., Permatasari, A., Warsihna, J., Anas, Z., Alhapip, L., Siswanto, H., & Rivalina, R. (2020). Social media usage for enhancing English language skill. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 2(8), 45–58. https://doi.org/10.3991/IJIM.V14I07.11552
Ardiasih, L. S., & Yundayani, A. (2021). Teachers ’ readiness to online learning : A pedagogical perspective. ASEAN Journal of Open and Distance Learning, 3(1), 105–117.
Baker, F., Wigram, T., & Gold, C. (2005). The effects of a song-singing programme on the affective speaking intonation of people with traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 19(7), 519–528. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699050400005150
Baniabdelrahman, A. A. (2013). Effect of using internet tools on enhancing EFL students’ speaking skill. Journal of Contemporary Research American International, 3(6), 79–87.
Baron, R. (2020). Students’ perception on online application in speaking skill. Journal of English Language Education Society, 4(2), 213–221. https://doi.org/10.29408/veles.v4i2.2543
Boonkit, K. (2010). Enhancing the development of speaking skills for non-native speakers of English. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 1305–1309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.191
Borras, I., & Lafayette, R. C. (1994). Effects of multimedia courseware subtitling on the speaking performance of college students. The Modern Language Journal, 78(1), 61–75. https://doi.org/10.2307/329253
Cakrawati, L. M. (2017). Students’ perceptions on the use of online learning platforms in EFL lassroom. English Language Teaching and Technology Journal (ELT-Tech Journal, 1(1), 22–30.
Chamot, A. U. (2005). Language learning strategy instruction: Current issues and research. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 25(200), 112–130. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190505000061
Chamot, A. U., & Kupper, L. (1989). Learning strategies in foreign language instruction. Foreign Language Annals, 22(1), 13–22.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: qualitative, quantitative and mixed method aproaches. In SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781849208956
Creswell, J. W. (2016). Educational research: Planning, conducting and evalutaing quantitave and qualitative (4th ed., Vol. 4, Issue 1). Library of Congress TextTech Internationla.
Davies, A., & Mueller, J. (2020). Data Analysis Methods (pp. 301–366). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47499-7_9
Etxebarria, A., Garay, U., & Romero, A. (2012). Implementation of social strategies in language learning by means of oodle. Journal of Language Teaching & Research, 3(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.4304/jltr.3.2.273-282
Ghapanchi, Z., & Taheryan, A. (2012). Metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive strategy use in speaking and listening proficiency of Iranian EFL learners. World Journal of Education, 2(4), 64–75. https://doi.org/10.5430/wje.v2n4p64
Ghufron, M. A. (2017). Language learning strategies used by EFL fluent speakers: A case in Indonesian context. IJET (Indonesian Journal of English Teaching), 6(2), 184–202. https://doi.org/10.15642/ijet2.2017.6.2.184-202
Goodmon, L. B., Smith, P. L., Ivancevich, D., & Lundberg, S. (2014). Actions speak Louder than personality: Effects of Facebook content on personality perceptions. North American Journal of Psychology, 16(1), 105–120.
Griffiths, C. (2004). Language Learning Strategies: Theory and Research. In Research Paper Series.
Griffiths, C., & Parr, J. M. (2001). Language-learning strategies: Theory and perception. ELT Journal, 6(10), 4–47. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/55.3.247
Guo, C., & Saxton, G. D. (2018). Speaking and being heard: how nonprofit advocacy organizations gain attention on social media. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 47(1), 5–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764017713724
Handayani, A. I., & Siti Aisah, B. (2013). Students’ meta-cognitive learning strategies toward speaking proficiency in EFL class. Jorunal BASIS, 3(1), 448–454.
Harianja, N., & Fibriasari, H. (2019). Youtube as the learning media to improve the speaking skill in expression orale course. Asian Themes in Social Sciences Research, 3(1), 14–17. https://doi.org/10.33094/journal.139.2019.31.14.17
Henríquez, T., Von, H., Peña, V., & Adriana Llanquileo, E. (2017). The effects of memory and social strategies on oral production. Colombian Applied Linguistics Journal, 19(2), 209–218. https://doi.org/10.14483/calj.v19n2.10535
Hismanoglu, M. (2000). Language learning strategies in foreign language learning and teaching. The Internet TESL Journal, 6(1), 1–9. http://iteslj.org/Articles/Hismanoglu-Strategies.html
Jena, D. P. K. (2019). Online learning during lockdown period for Covid-19 In India. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research, 5(8), 1–11. http://ijmer.in/issues/volume9/volume9-issue5(8).aspx
Karbalaei, A., & Negin Taji, T. (2014). Compensation strategies: Tracking movement in EFL learners’ speaking skills. GIST Education and Learning Research Journal, 9(9), 23–49.
Karpicke, J. D., Butler, A. C., & III, H. L. R. (2009). Metacognitive strategies in student learning: Do students practise retrieval when they study on their own? Memory, 17(4), 471–479. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658210802647009
Kuama, S., & Intharaksa, U. (2016). Is online learning suitable for all English language students? Journal of Language Teaching and English Learning, 52(2), 53–82. http://libproxy.usc.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1895977430?accountid=14749
Kummin, S., Surat, S., Amir, R., Mohamad, M., & Yunus, M. M. (2020). The effects of meta-discussion strategies toward low english proficiency students in oral english performance. Asia Pacific Journal of Educators and Education, 35(1). https://doi.org/10.21315/apjee2020.35.1.5
La Hanisi, A., Risdiany, R., Dwi Utami, Y., & Sulisworo, D. (2018). The use of WhatsApp in collaborative learning to improve English teaching and learning process. International Journal of Research Studies in Educational Technology, 7(1), 29–35. https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrset.2018.3004
Levy, M. (2009). Technologies in use for second language learning. Modern Language Journal, 1(93), 769–782. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2009.00972.x
Liansari, V. (2019). Successful English learners in speaking English at SMAN2 Surabaya. Journal of English Educators and Society, 1(2), 115–122.
Lizzio, A., & Wilson, K. (2006). Enhancing the effectiveness of self-managed learning groups: Understanding students’ choices and concerns. Journal of Language Teaching and English Learning, 31(6), 150–165. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075070601004309
Masbirran, G., & Fauzi, A. (2018). Speaking skill in using community language learning (Cll). Indonesian Journal of Integrated English Language Teaching, 3(2), 198–205. https://doi.org/10.24014/ijielt.v3i2.4844
Mehmet, C. V. (2016). The importance of strategies of social language learning and cooperative learning in the process of teaching Turkish as a foreign language. Educational Research and Reviews, 11(10), 981–986. https://doi.org/10.5897/err2016.2630
Mustafa, E. N. E. (2018). The impact of YouTube, Skype and WhatsApp in improving EFL learners’ speaking skill. International Journal of Contemporary Applied Researches, 5(5), 18–31.
Nita, Y., Emzir, E., & Dewanti, R. D. (2020). Watching movie everyday can improve the foreign language speaking skill. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 7(8), 138–144.
Nurisma, R. A., & Kusumawati, E. (2021). The student-created Podcast to facilitate EFL speaking. Proceedings of the Thirteenth Conference on Applied Linguistics (CONAPLIN), 5(54), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210427.065
Oxford, R. (1990). Language learning strategies. In New York (First Edit, Vol. 3). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.1989.tb05321.x
Oxford, R. L. (2013). Teaching and researching: Language learning strategies. In Teaching and Researching: Language Learning Strategies. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315838816
Oxford, R. L. (2017). Teaching and researching language learning strategies: Self-regulation in context. Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315838816
Oxford, R. L., & Amerstorfer, C. M. (2018). Language learning strategies and individual learner characteristics: Situating strategy use in diverse contexts (R. L. Oxford & C. M. Amerstorfer (eds.); 1th ed.). Bloomsbury Publishing. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350005075
Panigrahi, Srivastava, S. (2018). Online learning: Adoption, continuance, and learning outcome. International Journal of Information Management, 43(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.05.005
Parmawati, A., & Inayah, R. (2019). Improving students’ speaking skill through English movie in scope of speaking for general communication. Eltin Journal of (English Language Teaching In Indonesia), 7(3), 43–53.
Pichette, F. (2009). Second language anxiety and distance language learning. Foreign Language Annals, 42(1), 77–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.2009.01009.x
Prabawa, W. P. (2016). Speaking strategies used by Indonesian tertiary students. Journal of English Education, 4(2), 231–242. https://doi.org/10.25134/erjee.v4i2.337
Pratiwi, M. F. (2013). The effectiveness of media Instagram toward the students’ speaking skills of tenth grade in SMAN 4 Malang. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 53(9), 1689–1699.
Raniahthifal, F. (2018). The use of affective strategies in a speaking class. Journal of English Education, 6(98), 143–153.
Rodrigues, P. D., & Vethamani, M. E. (2015). The impact of online learning in the development of speaking skills. Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Education, 5(1), 2232–180.
Safitri, R. D., & Indriani, L. (2020). Investigating efl students’ self-evaluation of speaking performance during online learning. Jurnal Review Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran, 3(2), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.31004/jrpp.v3i2.1398
Sakkir, G., Dollah, S., Arsyad, S., & Ahmad, J. (2021). Need analysis for developing writing skill materials using facebook for English undergraduate students. International Journal of Language Education, 5(1), 542–551. https://doi.org/10.26858/ijole.v5i1.14856
Smith, G. G., Li, M., Drobisz, J., Park, H. R., Kim, D., & Smith, S. D. (2013). Play games or study? Computer games in eBooks to learn English vocabulary. Journal of Computers & Education, 69(50), 274–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMPEDU.2013.07.015
Solak, E., & Cakir, R. (2015). Language learning strategies of language e-learners in Turkey. E-Learning and Digital Media, 12(1), 107–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/2042753014558384
Syafitri, A., Asib, A., & Sumardi, S. (2018). An application of Powtoon as a digital medium: Enhancing students’ pronunciation in speaking. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 5(2), 280–295. https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v5i2.359
Syafryadin, S., Martina, F., & Salniwati, S. (2020). Compensation strategies in speaking activities for non-English department students: poor and competent speakers. JEES (Journal of English Educators Society), 5(2), 109–116. https://doi.org/10.21070/jees.v5i2.819
Sze, P. M. (2006). Developing students’ listening and speaking skills through ELT podcasts. Education Journal, 34(2), 115–134.
Venkateswara, U., & John, D. (2021). A case study in the speaking components of an ESP course: The students’ mindset. Mextesol Journal, 45(1), 85–92.
Wael, A., Asnur, M. N. A., & Ibrahim, I. (2018). Exploring students’ learning strategies in speaking performance. International Journal of Language Education, 2(1), 65–71. https://doi.org/10.26858/ijole.v2i1.5238
Weng, P. L. P., Yunus, M. M., & Embi, M. A. Bin. (2016). Successful language learning strategies used by successful year 5 English as a second language (ESL) learners. Proceedings of the ICECRS, 1(1), 14–25. https://doi.org/10.21070/picecrs.v1i1.523
Wijirahayu, S., & Dorand, P. (2018). Affective strategies, attitudes, and a model of speaking performance development for engineering students. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 948(1), 12–24. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/948/1/012024
Wulandari, R. (2012). The use of pictures to improve the students’ speaking ability. A Journal on Language and Language Teaching, 3(1), 26–56.
Yaniafari, R. (2021). Face-to-face or online speaking practice: A comparison of students’ foreign language classroom anxiety level. EELS (Journal of English Education and Linguistics Studies), 8(1), 49–67.
Yüce, E. (2018). An investigation into the relationship between EFL learners’ oreign music listening habits and foreign language classroom anxiety. International Journal of Languages’ Education, 6(2), 471–482. https://doi.org/10.18298/ijlet.3041
Yundayani, A., Abdullah, F., Tandiana, S. T., & Sutrisno, B. (2021). Students’ cognitive engagement during emergency remote teaching: Evidence from the Indonesian EFL milieu. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 17(1), 17–33. https://doi.org/10.52462/jlls.2
Zakaria, N. Y. K., Zakaria, S. N., & Azmi, N. E. (2018). Language learning strategies used by secondary schools students in enhancing speaking skills. International Journal of Language Education, 09(14), 2357–2366. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2018.914176
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 JEELS (Journal of English Education and Linguistics Studies)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.